Pneumonia is a common presenting complaint in exotic companion mammals.

Endotracheal intubation is the placement of a tube that extends from the oral cavity into the trachea.

Adrenocortical disease (ACD, adrenal gland disease, hyperadrenocorticism) is a common malady affecting middle-aged to older ferrets with no sex predilection.

Egg binding is defined as failure of an egg to pass through the oviduct at a normal rate.

Rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas are all monogastric, hindgut-fermenting herbivores adapted to a course, high-fiber diet.

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the mammalian body, and the major component of bones and teeth.

Pancreatic islet beta cell tumors, more commonly known as insulinomas, have been well recognized and well documented in ferrets over the last 20 years.

Prolapses from the cloaca can be a serious and often life-threatening condition in birds.

Rabbits, chinchillas, and guinea pigs are monogastric, hind-gut fermenters; all have a functional cecum and require a high-fiber diet.